Abstract
Investigation is made into the question of which information should be minimally contained in a functional specification of an information system. This is done by defining a model of information systems—called data machine—and examining equivalence classes of a quasi-order relation on data machines called upward compatibility. The result is the concept of standard: a (complete) functional specification of an information system is a definition of a standard. Next, a feasible scheme of defining a standard is proposed. Properties of the standards that can be defined by this scheme are derived on the fly. These run out to imply no practical limitations on the class of specifiable systems. The aim of the investigation is to find a way to arrive at specifications that are, in a sense, minimal, i.e., without overspecifications and without redundancy.
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