Data-driven analysis of battery electric vehicle energy consumption under real-world temperature conditions

Abstract

Demand for battery electric vehicles has grown significantly in recent years as global oil prices have climbed. The current development of battery electric vehicles is still in its infancy, and its energy consumption also requires great attention. Five same model battery electric vehicles' driving condition data of a certain brand in Tianjin area are collected for a whole year, and their energy consumption is analyzed. The results show that the energy consumption of the actual driving conditions in the four seasons is generally higher than the test results under New European Driving Cycle, and only some vehicles' energy consumption in spring and autumn is consistent with the test results under Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle. Energy consumption tends to increase at both ends with the change of temperature. The impact of low temperature is greater, because the air conditioner usage rate and power in Winter are higher than those in Summer. Through principal component contribution rate analysis and K-means clustering calculation of micro-trips, the results show that the average energy consumption in urban, suburban and high-speed driving conditions decreases gradually. Driving habits such as rapid acceleration ratio and rapid deceleration ratio also have an impact on energy consumption. The decrease of energy braking recovery indirectly caused by rapid deceleration ratio increase makes the energy consumption per 100 km increase. And the increase of rapid acceleration ratio leads to an increase in energy consumption per 100 km. Finally, the Spearman rank correlation analysis shows that energy consumption has the greatest correlation with the average vehicle speed and air conditioner usage status, followed by the constant speed proportion, idle speed proportion and temperature, and finally the recovery of braking energy per 100 km, acceleration proportion, deceleration proportion and rapid acceleration proportion.