Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the dark and photoinduced cytotoxic activity of the new chlorophyll-a derivatives which contain the substituents of oligoethylene glycol on the periphery of their macrocycles. These compounds were tested using human cell lines to estimate their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. It was shown that all the tested compounds have expressed photoinduced cytotoxic activity in vitro. Detailed study of the biological activity of one of the most perspective compound in this series—pyropheophorbide-a 17-diethylene glycol ester (Compound 21) was performed. This new compound is characterized by lower dark cytotoxicity and higher photoinduced cytotoxicity than previously described in a similar compound (DH-I-180-3) and clinically used PhotolonTM. Using fluorescent microscopy, it was shown that Compound 21 quickly penetrates the cells. Analysis of caspase-3 activity indicated an apoptosis induction 40 min after exposure to red light (λ = 660 nm). The induction of DNA damages and apoptosis was shown using Comet assay. The results of expression analysis of the stress-response genes indicate an activation of the genes which control the cell cycle and detoxification of the free radicals after an exposure of HeLa cells to Compound 21 and to red light. High photodynamic activity of this compound and the ability to oxidize biomolecules was demonstrated on nuclear-free mice erythrocytes. In addition, it was shown that Compound 21 is effectively activated with low energy 700 nm light, which can penetrate deep into the tissue. Thus, Compound 21 is a prospective substance for development of the new drugs for photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Highlights
Chlorophyll-a derivatives are used in medicine as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Using human cell lines: cervical cancer (HeLa) cells 25, cchhllooroophyll-a derivatives which contain the substituents of oligoethylene glycol on the periphery of their macrocycles were tested on the presence of dark cytotoxic activity (Figuree 1)
The results of our experiment on HeLa cells indicated that the majority of the tested chlorophyll-a derivatives with oligoethylene glycol substituents had a photoinduced cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1 μM after activation with light (λ = 660 nm) (Figure 2)
Summary
Chlorophyll-a derivatives are used in medicine as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The Dark Cytotoxic Activity of Chlorophyll-a Derivatives with Oligoethylene Glycol Substituents. Using HeLa cells 25, cchhllooroophyll-a derivatives which contain the substituents of oligoethylene glycol on the periphery of their macrocycles were tested on the presence of dark cytotoxic activity (Figuree 1). It should be nnoted tthhat tthheeiimmppaaccttooffoolliiggooeetthhyylleenne ggllyyccooll iinnttrroduction on ddark ccyytotoxicity is complex and depends on the structure of the macrocycle and positionn of the polyesstteerr ssuubbssttiittuuttee. The results of our experiment on HeLa cells indicated that the majority of the tested chlorophyll-a derivatives with oligoethylene glycol substituents had a photoinduced cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1 μM after activation with light (λ = 660 nm) (Figure 2).
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