Darcy Forchheimer electromagnetic stretched flow of carbon nanotubes over an inclined cylinder: Entropy optimization and quartic chemical reaction

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are characterized with exceptional electrical, thermal, mechanical, chemical, and optical properties (e.g., electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, high thermal conductivity, high hardness and stiffness, light weight, special electronic structure, high aspect ratio and chemical stability, and low specific gravity). Because of such outstanding properties, CNTs are being considered as prime candidate materials in multidisciplinary fields comprising of automotive, material science, aerospace, optical, electrical, biomedical, and energy conversion for nanoscale applications. In view of such advantages, electromagnetic influence on the Darcy Forchheimer flow of single‐walled CNT (SWCNT)/multi‐walled CNT (MWCNT) nanomaterials over an inclined‐extended cylinder subject to quartic chemical reactions has been explored in the present study to improve the performance of existing heat transfer systems. The heat transportation model is enriched with nonlinear thermal radiation, dissipation, and Ohmic heating. This article is more specific about improving the efficiency of thermal‐flow systems through entropy minimization. The dimensionless nonlinear PDEs are solved via Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg approach with shooting technique. The outcome of our investigation reveals that curvature parameter augments the flow field and rate of heat and mass transfer from the cylindrical and flat surfaces. Greater electromagnetic influence favors the flow and viscous drag of SWCNT/MWCNT‐water nanofluids and rate of heat transportation from the extended cylindrical surface. Augmented volume fraction of solid nanoparticles upsurges the entropy generation and Bejan numbers appreciably. The rate of heat transportation from the extended cylindrical surface for MWCNT nanofluid is greater than that of SWCNT nanofluid.