Abstract
Dairy calf death rates from birth to weaning approximate 8 to 10% in the US. Stillbirths on dairies, measured as calves dead at delivery or within the first 24 to 48 hours after delivery, are less closely monitored, but are estimated between 6 and 12%. Numerous factors influence calf health and survival, but the key contributors to calf morbidity and mortality can be managed to greatly reduce these losses. Except on small dairies, most calving events and postnatal calf care are overseen by paid employees. As the available dairy workforce has changed over time, it is common that the people making critical decisions about newborn calves do not have extensive prior experience in calf management. Workers with appropriate education and training, provided with good calf management protocols, can dramatically improve calf health and survival.
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