Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health challenge, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggers a plethora of respiratory disturbances and even multiple organs failure that can be fatal. Nutritional intervention is one of the key components toward to a proper management of COVID-19 patients, especially in those requiring medication, and should thus be considered the first-line treatment. Immuno-modulation and -stimulation are currently being explored in COVID-19 management and are gaining interest by food and pharmaceutical industries. Various dietary combinations, bioactive components, nutrients and fortified foods have been reported to modulate inflammation during disease progression. Dietary combinations of dairy-derived products and eggs are gaining an increasing attention given the huge immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to some of their chemical constituents. Eggs are complex dietary components containing many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds as well as a high-quality proteins. Similarly, yogurts can replenish beneficial bacteria and contains macronutrients capable of stimulating immunity by enhancing cell immunity, reducing oxidative stress, neutralizing inflammation and regulating the intestinal barriers and gut microbiome. Thus, this review highlights the impact of nutritional intervention on COVID-19 management, focusing on the immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects of immune-enhancing nutrients.
Highlights
IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVITY: A SYNOPSISCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to multiple respiratory disturbances, multiple organs failure and even death, representing a global health challenge
Available clinical evidence reveals that people of all ages are susceptible to infection, a poor prognosis and higher mortality rate has been reported in malnourished elderly individuals, immunocompromised patients and even in those with chronic diseases [5]
Immunomodulation refers to the immune system ability to regulate fatal illnesses, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [10, 11]
Summary
Nutritional intervention is one of the key components toward to a proper management of COVID-19 patients, especially in those requiring medication, and should be considered the first-line treatment. Immuno-modulation and -stimulation are currently being explored in COVID-19 management and are gaining interest by food and pharmaceutical industries. Bioactive components, nutrients and fortified foods have been reported to modulate inflammation during disease progression. Dietary combinations of dairy-derived products and eggs are gaining an increasing attention given the huge immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to some of their chemical constituents. Eggs are complex dietary components containing many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds as well as a high-quality proteins. This review highlights the impact of nutritional intervention on COVID-19 management, focusing on the immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects of immune-enhancing nutrients
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