Abstract
Large single crystals of calcium fluorophosphate(apatite) have been grown by the Czochralski method. Crystals grown along major crystallographic axes exhibit etch pit shape and crystal morphology consistent with the hexagonal unit cell. The phase diagram for the system has been re-examined and crystals were grown at several off-stoichiometric compositions. Chemical analysis of these crystals indicated fluoride vacancy concentrations as large as 10 at %. This is consistent with the data obtained from lattice parameter and density measurements. The observation of the fluorescence characteristics of these undoped crystals is consistent with color center fluorescence associated with fluoride vacancies. Deliberate replacement of fluoride with oxygen indicated that anion vacancy concentrations in the fluoride site as high as 50% could be tolerated by the structure. Measurement of physical constants such as dielectric constant, thermal expansion and refractive index indicates remarkably little anisotropy in the major crystallographic directions.
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