Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.Methods: Cytotoxicity was characterized by 50 % inhibition (IC50) of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was analysed by Hoechst33258 staining and DNA ladder. MCF-7 cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) vitality and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated.Results: The essential oil was cytotoxic to MCF-7 cell line. A dose- and time-dependent inhibition was observed with IC50 values of 18.75, 9.45 and 10.50 μg/ml at 6, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Analyses by Hoechst33258 staining and DNA ladder indicate that the essential oil induced apoptosis. SOD vitality significantly decreased (p＜ 0.05) by 51 % when the concentration of the essential oil increased from 1.25 to 12.5 μg/ml while CAT vitality significantly increased (p ＜ 0.05) by 71 % when essential oil concentration was similarly increased. The MDA content of each treatment group, when compare to control, did not show any significant difference (p ＜ 0.05).Conclusion: The essential oil of C. ambrosioides was cytotoxic to MCF-7 cell line and induced apoptosis.Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Essential oil, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Breast cancer, MCF-7 cells.
Highlights
There are a large number of major secondary metabolites of natural origin with a variety of potential applications [1,2,3,4]
The DNA of the MCF-7 cells treated with the essential oil from C. ambrosioides exhibited double-strand damage as observed with agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig. 3)
We examined whether or not the essential oil of C. ambrosioides has any potential in cancer chemoprevention using MCF-7 human breast cells
Summary
There are a large number of major secondary metabolites of natural origin with a variety of potential applications [1,2,3,4]. There is no report on the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by the essential oil of C. ambrosioides. MCF-7 cells (5×105 cells/ml) were treated with different concentrations of test sample (essential oil) for 6, 24 or 48 h. Using varying concentrations (0 - 50 μg/mL) of the test sample (essential oil) MCF-7 cells (1 × 106 cells/mL) were harvested after treatment for 24 h, centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 min and washed with PBS. Determination of antioxidant activity the cells appeared to show condensation and/or fragmentation of nuclei with essential oil concentration of 50 μg/ml at 6 h. MCF-7 cells (5×105 cells/ml) were treated with varying concentrations (0 - 50 μg/mL) of the test sample (essential oil) for 6, 24 or 48 h. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant
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