Abstract
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and effect of fragments derived from three oral cationic peptides (CP): LL-37, D6-17 and D1-23 against cariogenic bacteria under planktonic and biofilm conditions. For cytotoxicity analysis, two epithelial cell lines were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration were determined for the CP fragments and the control (chlorhexidine-CHX) against cariogenic bacteria. The fractional inhibitory concentration was obtained for the combinations of CP fragments on Streptococcus mutans. Biofilm assays were conducted with the best antimicrobial CP fragment against S. mutans. The results indicated that D6-17 was not cytotoxic. D1-23, LL-37 and CHX were not cytotoxic in low concentrations. D1-23 presented the best bactericidal activity against S. mutans, S. mitis and S. salivarius. Combinations of CP fragments did not show a synergic effect. D1-23 presented a higher activity against S. mutans biofilm than CHX. It was concluded that D1-23 showed a substantial effect against cariogenic bacteria and low cytotoxicity.
Highlights
Childhood caries (ECC) represents the most common chronic disease in childhood with a prevalence of around 26% in Brazil (SB Brasil 2010) and 23% in the USA (Dye et al 2015) among 5–6 year old children, and can be observed in toddlers as young as 12 months of age (SB Brasil 2010; Dye et al 2015)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the effect of fragments derived from three oral cationic peptides (CP): LL-37, and D6-17 and D1-23 against cariogenic bacteria under planktonic and biofilm conditions
Cells treated with D1-23 and D6-17 had a similar morphology to the control group
Summary
Childhood caries (ECC) represents the most common chronic disease in childhood with a prevalence of around 26% in Brazil (SB Brasil 2010) and 23% in the USA (Dye et al 2015) among 5–6 year old children, and can be observed in toddlers as young as 12 months of age (SB Brasil 2010; Dye et al 2015). ECC can progress and lead to severe destruction of primary teeth, causing infection, pain, chewing and speech difficulties, physiological trauma and early dental loss (Losso et al 2009). The bacterial group considered most cariogenic is mutans streptococci, especially Streptococcus mutans, one of the primary bacterial colonizers of dental enamel and less frequently Streptococcus sobrinus (van Houte et al 1991; MattosGraner et al 2001, 2014). Other acidogenic and aciduric species, such as Lactobacillus and Actinomyces, are involved in the initiation of carious lesions (Sansone et al 1993; van Houte et al 1996)
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