Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial efficiency of gold (Au) nanoparticles formulated by green approach using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract

Abstract

Gold (Au) nanoparticles have flourished a promise for solicitations in biology due to their processability and high performance in the release of therapeutics. The use of leaf substances in the fundamental biosynthesis and manufacturing of nano-phytomedicine is the cooperative effort between plant science and nanotechnology, yielding a green nanostructured material. This study aims to synthesize AuNPs using the extract taken from Andrographis paniculata leaves and to evaluate its efficacy against MCF7 cells and chosen human pathogens. AP-AuNPs were studied with UV, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, SEM and TEM (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). At 533 nm, a peak of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was identified using UV–Visible spectra of AuNPs. The XRD diffraction peaks indicated the crystalline nature of gold nanoparticles. The spherical shape was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering using Particle Size Analyzer measurements revealed a mean particle size of 40 ± 18.6 nm. The research concluded that using gold nanoparticles derived from herbs is contingent on safe dosage and precise formulation, as stated in ancient literature. MCF7 human breast cancer cells have been used to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of AuNP. The findings of an oncology investigation revealed that treating cancerous cells using AuNPs drastically diminished the viability of cells. The anti-microbial properties in the primordial herbal-based metal nanoparticles confess the conventional healthcare practice as a progressive approach for contemporary conditions. Based on the investigation, the study inferred that AP-AuNPs are therapeutic in combating human pathogens.