Abstract
Purpose: Radiotherapy is one of the most important therapeutic options used to treat cancers. Radiation effects can be improved using nanoparticles and chemotherapeutic drugs as radiosensitizing agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-F) in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and x-Ray irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line (HT-29). Methods: The cell viability assay (WST-1) was performed to study the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of DOX and GNP-F after 24 and 48 hours treatments. Then, the effects of the GNP-F, X-Ray irradiation, and DOX drug in single and combined treatments were examined after 24 and 48 hours treatment with effective doses. Likewise, the caspase 3 gene expression ratio and the caspase 3 activity were assessed after 48 h treatment. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was determined in treated and untreated cells. Results: When GNP-F (at a concentration of 70 μM) was combined with X-ray irradiation (2 Gy) and DOX drug, induced more cytotoxic effects compared to the control group. The results of cell viability assay showed that GNP-F + X-Ray in combination with a low concentration of DOX (0.25 × IC50) enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cells compared to related single treatments. Caspase 3 gene expression ratio and caspase 3 activity increased in double and triple combination treatments in comparison with the single groups. Moreover, the MDA level increased in triple combination compared to the single treatments. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the potential anti-cancer effects of the GNP-F and DOX in combination with X-Ray irradiation in CRC cells.
Highlights
IntroductionIntroduction cColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers affecting people worldwide.1, 2Among different cancer therapeutic strategies, radiation has an important role in cancer s treatment, but radiation resistance remains a cause of failure in achieving successful results.3, 4One of the therapeutic strategies to enhance the radiation effects in cancer cells and overcome u their radiation resistance is the use of a radiosensitizer agent.3Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is another main problem in the effective treatment of n several cancers. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic is a chemotherapeutic agent, which is most widely utilized in the treatment of cancer alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. At the cellular level, DOX displays various a molecular mechanisms that are related to interference with DNA unwinding, inhibition of the respiratory chain enzymes in mitochondria, and apoptosis induction in response to inhibition of topoisomerase II. a reduction in the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such
Among different cancer therapeutic strategies, radiation has an important role in cancer s treatment, but radiation resistance remains a cause of failure in achieving successful results
The resistance to cancer therapies is not frequently exclusive and the cancer cells can be resistant to several treatments
Summary
Introduction cColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers affecting people worldwide.1, 2Among different cancer therapeutic strategies, radiation has an important role in cancer s treatment, but radiation resistance remains a cause of failure in achieving successful results.3, 4One of the therapeutic strategies to enhance the radiation effects in cancer cells and overcome u their radiation resistance is the use of a radiosensitizer agent.3Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is another main problem in the effective treatment of n several cancers. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic is a chemotherapeutic agent, which is most widely utilized in the treatment of cancer alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. At the cellular level, DOX displays various a molecular mechanisms that are related to interference with DNA unwinding, inhibition of the respiratory chain enzymes in mitochondria, and apoptosis induction in response to inhibition of topoisomerase II. a reduction in the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such. Among different cancer therapeutic strategies, radiation has an important role in cancer s treatment, but radiation resistance remains a cause of failure in achieving successful results. . One of the therapeutic strategies to enhance the radiation effects in cancer cells and overcome u their radiation resistance is the use of a radiosensitizer agent.. Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is another main problem in the effective treatment of n several cancers.. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic is a chemotherapeutic agent, which is most widely utilized in the treatment of cancer alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy.. DOX displays various a molecular mechanisms that are related to interference with DNA unwinding, inhibition of the respiratory chain enzymes in mitochondria, and apoptosis induction in response to inhibition of topoisomerase II.. A reduction in the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such
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