Abstract
The physical, chemical, and biological properties of restorative dental materials influence the clinical outcome of dental treatment. Methacrylate-based resins are extensively used in everyday dental practice, but accumulating records point to their toxicity. This article reviews the most important experimental data on cell-induced cytotoxicity of composite dental resins, methacrylates and epoxy compounds used to induce polymerization and reduce resin shrinkage. Methacrylate monomers produce reactive oxygen species, induce apoptosis and/or genotoxicity, and affect cell proliferation in culture. There is a need for awareness about the biological risks of these materials. New sensitive methods introduced to the preclinical testing of dental resins may help to highlight specific mechanisms, quantify the biological risk and guide the dentist to select the right biomaterial for dental applications.
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