Cytokine (interleukin-1beta) and MMP levels in gingival crevicular fluid after use of platelet-rich fibrin or connective tissue graft in the treatment of localized gingival recessions.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in gingival crevicular fluid during the early and late stages of healing in gingival recession sites treated with coronally advanced flap plus platelet-rich fibrin (CAF+PRF) compared with CAF plus connective tissue graft (CAF+CTG). Twenty-four nonsmoking patients with Miller Class I or Class II localized gingival recession defects in bilateral sites received treatment with either CAF+PRF (PRF group) or CAF+CTG (CTG group). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at baseline and at 10d and 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after surgery. The levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid were measured using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and ELISAs. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β were significantly elevated in the CTG group at 10d compared with baseline (p<0.05). At 10d after surgery, the levels of TIMP-1 in gingival crevicular fluid showed a significant decrease in the CTG group compared with the PRF group (p<0.05). The levels of IL-1β and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in the PRF group than in the CTG group at 10d (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in all clinical and biochemical parameters at 1, 3, and 6mo between study groups (p>0.05). Root coverage with CAF+PRF has a significant effect on increasing gingival crevicular fluid TIMP-1 levels and suppressing gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 and IL-β levels at 10d. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-1β did not seem to be affected by the technique at later phases of wound healing.