Cystatin C as a reliable marker of renal function following heart valve replacement surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract

Background Little is known about serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of this study was to assess its utility post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods 60 heart valve replacement patients were enrolled, and 26 of them had low-dose corticosteroid treatment on the first 3 days postoperatively. Serum creatinine, serum cystatin C and 24-h creatinine clearance rate (CCR) adjusted by body surface area were determined preoperation, days 1, 2, 3, 7 post operation. Results Serum creatinine increased and peaked at day 3 postoperatively, while cystatin C peaked at day 2, and the adjusted CCR also reached a minimum at day 2. The inverse of cystatin C correlated better with CCR than that of creatinine ( r = 0.751 vs. 0.629). Using adjusted CCR as “golden standard”, cystatin C was superior to creatinine in diagnosing renal dysfunction (area under the curve [AUC] for cystatin C 0.876, 95% confidence interval 81.8–93.4; AUC for creatinine 0.801, 95% confidence interval 72.5–87.7; p = 0.045). Low-dose corticosteroid treatment has no significant effect on cystatin C. Conclusion In agreement with many other investigators, the present findings support cystatin C is a reliable marker of renal function. It is superior to creatinine in patients post CPB.