Cyperus conglomeratus (Cyperaceae) a halophyte from Gujarat: Physicochemical, Phytochemical and Pharmacognostic studies

Abstract

The aim of the present work was evaluation of physicochemical, phytochemical and pharmacognostic parameters of Cyperus conglomeratus an halophyte from Gujarat. The plant belonging to the family Cyperaceae commonly known as Sedge family. The leaf and stem was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis, physicochemical analysis which included loss on drying, ash values and extractive values and fluroscence analysis were done in accordance with WHO guidelines for identification and standardization of C. conglomerates. The morphological studies exhibited the organoleptic and surface characteristics of whole plant like the leaf was simple, alternate, elongated lanceolate, entire margin, acute apex, parallel veination. The microscopic and powder microscopic study showed the presence of various characteristics like parenchyma cells, spiral vessels, annular vessels, parallel venation, gramineous stomata, conjoint collateral vascular bundle, etc. The phytochemical analysis revealed the plant to be rich in steroids and triterpenes. The extractive value was maximum in methanol solvent indicating presence of more polar compounds. The fluorescence analysis under visible light & under UV light by treatment with different chemical reagents showed characteristic colour changes. The standards laid down will be helpful to ensure the efficacy, safety and purity of medicinal halophytic plant C. conglomerates. The parameters established in this study are useful for the preparation of a monograph of this plant.