Abstract
Background: We evaluated ameliorative effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on liver toxicity in cypermethrin exposed rat. Methods: Rats were given following treatments daily for 30 d: Group A: Control Group B: Rats received cypermethrin Group C: These rats received cypermethrin and Jamun seed extract simultaneously Group D: These rats received cypermethrin and orange peel extract simultaneously Group E: Rats received orange peel extract Group F: Rats received Jamun seed extract In respective groups dose of cypermethrin, Jamun seed and orange peel extract were 25 mg/ kg body wt, 200 mg/kg body wt and 200 mg/kg body wt, respectively. Liver was fixed for light and electron microscopic studies. Results: After 15 d cypermethrin or cypermethrin+JSE or cypermethrin+OPE treatment hepatocytes exhibited increased cell size, nuclei became more hyperchromatic and hypertrophied. Degeneration of nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids have been noticed. After 30 d cypermethrin treatment hepatocytes exhibit more pronounced hypertrophy with hyperchromatic nuclei. Few hepatocytes exhibit nuclei with irregular boundaries. Hepatocytes show foamy cytoplasm and few vacuoles. Focal necrosis visible at certain places. Binucleated cells are also encountered. In cypermethrin+JSE and cypermethrin+OPE treated rats, hepatocytes exhibit hypertrophy, hyperchromatic nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids. Degeneration of hepatocytes are seen at some places, however, focal necrosis is not seen in these groups. No noticeable histological alterations are seen in orange peel extract (group E) and jamun seed extract (group F) treated rats. Conclusion: Cypermethrin induced hepatic toxicity can be protected by treatment with Jamun seed and orange peel extract.
Highlights
Pesticides are used to eradicate pests, but their use provoked adverse effects in non-target organisms
In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on the liver toxicity in cypermethrin exposed rat
Following treatments were given daily to these groups at 08:00 each day throughout the experiment (30 d): Group A: Control Group B: Cypermethrin-treated: Rats received daily cypermethrin (25 mg/ kg body wt) Group C: Cypermethrin+jamun seed extract: These rats were given daily cypermethrin (25 mg/ kg body wt) and jamun seed extract (200 mg/kg body wt) simultaneously Group D: Cypermethrin+orange peel extract: These rats were given daily cypermethrin (25 mg/ kg body wt) and orange peel extracts (200 mg/kg body wt) simultaneously Group E: Orange peel extract: Rats received daily orange peel extract (200 mg/kg body wt) Group F: Jamun seed extract: Rats received daily Jamun seed extract (200 mg/kg body wt) The seeds of Jamun, Syzygium cumini were purchased from commercial supplier
Summary
Pesticides are used to eradicate pests, but their use provoked adverse effects in non-target organisms. In recent years synthetic pyrethroids are most commonly used insecticides and preferred over organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates because of possessing high effectiveness against vide range of insects, rapid biodegradation and low toxicity to non-target organisms [2]. Jamun fruits and seeds contain antioxidant compounds i.e. flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins [7, 8]. Few studies have been performed to evaluate the liver toxicity after cypermethrin exposure in mammals [4,5,6] there is lack of information regarding the protective effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on liver toxicity induced by cypermethrin. In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on the liver toxicity in cypermethrin exposed rat
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