Efficacy of jamun Syzygium cumini seed and orange Citrus sinensis peel extracts against microcystin LR induced histological damage in the kidney of rat

Babita Deep Srivastava,Ajai Kumar Srivastav,Nobuo Suzuki,Manish Srivastava,Makoto Urata

doi:10.21472/bjbs(2020)071702

Abstract

In this study we evaluated the protective effects of jamun Syzygium cumini seed and orange Citrus sinensis peel extracts on renotoxicity of microcystin LR in male rats. Groups A-F were given daily treatments for 30 days. Group A (Control): No treatment was given; Group B: microcystin (10 µg/kg body wt); Group C: microcystin (10 µg/kg body wt) and jamun seed extract (200 mg/kg body wt); Group D: microcystin (10 µg/kg body wt) and orange peel extract (200 mg/kg body wt; Group E: orange peel extract (200 mg/kg body wt); Group F: jamun seed extract (200 mg/kg body wt). Kidney were fixed at 15th and 30th day after the treatments. In 15 day MCLR (group B) treated rats shrunken glomeruli, hypertrophy of epithelial cells of tubules. vacuolation of cytoplasm and obliterated tubular lumina were noticed. In MCLR+JSE (group C) and MCLR+OPE (group D) treated rats almost similar changes were noticed as seen in MCLR treated rats. In OPE (group E) and JSE (group F) treated rats no visible morphological alterations were nojticed. Following 30 day MCLR treatment (group B), increased cellularity of glomeruli, no space between the Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, glomerular degeneration, dilated tubules, separation of tubular epithelial cells from underlying basement membrane, tubular vacuolization and degeneration with necrotic nuclei in lumina and deposition of eosin-positive material in the tubules were observed. In MCLR+JSE (group C) and MCLR+OPE (group D) treated rats the glomeruli were swollen showing increased cellularity. No degeneration was noticed in glomeruli. Tubules were dilated, however, at few places few epithelial cells were degenerating. Necrotic nuclei were not seen in tubular lumina. In OPE (group E) and JSE (group F) treated rats the kidney exhibited no histological changes.

Highlights

In many parts of the world an increasing environmental hazard has been reported due to toxic cyanobacteria which are found in freshwater, eutrophic and municipal water supplies (Filipic et al, 2007)
Kidney of control rats contain numerous nephrons, each nephron consist of a dilated portion, the renal corpuscle; the proximal tubule; loop of Henle and the distal tubule
The proximal tubule is lined by simple cuboidal (Figure 2) or columnar epithelium whereas the distal tubule is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

In many parts of the world an increasing environmental hazard has been reported due to toxic cyanobacteria which are found in freshwater, eutrophic and municipal water supplies (Filipic et al, 2007). Ingestion of cyanobacteria adversely affects domestic and aquatic animals as well as humans (Elleman et al, 1978; Zin and Edwards, 1979; Bell and Codd, 1994; Negri et al, 1995; Benson et al, 2005; Shahi et al, 2012; Srivastava and Srivastav, 2017). Microcystis aeruginosa is commonly observed in cyanobacterial blooms (Shahi et al, 2012) which produce a cyclic hepatotoxin-microcystin LR (Hooser et al, 1990; Carmichael, 1992; Watanabe et al, 1996; Benson et al, 2005; Kim et al, 2006; Srivastava and Srivastav, 2017). There are reports that microcystin LR produce hepatic damage in rats (Kim et al, 2006; Srivastava and Srivastav, 2017), there are evidences which suggest that it affects kidney (Dias et al, 2009; Shahi et al, 2012; Xiping et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2019), heart (Shahi et al, 2012), germ cell apoptosis (Zhao et al, 2018) and human respiratory system (Brozman et al, 2020)

Methods

Results

Conclusion