Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a newly developed nanocomplex formed of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin and 1% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after distinct complexation periods (12/72 h) on demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro. Enamel blocks (n=60) were allocated in different groups: Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h of complexation and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation. The samples were evaluated by surface microhardness, cross-sectional microhardness and micro-CT. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) were also obtained. Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 12 h complexation resulted in lower percentage of surface microhardness loss compared to Mili-Q water, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin, 1% TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + 1% TiF4 after 72 h of complexation group, with a large effect size (from 1.307 to 2.943) and high power (84.9 to 99%). All groups resulted in similar integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) obtained by both internal microhardness and micro-CT techniques. Enamel treated with TiF4 and TiF4 + hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin groups showed a TiO2 glaze-layer, while EDX evaluation identified Ti. The solution containing the inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin + TiF4 with 12 h of complexation period demonstrated a significant ability to reduce surface demineralization of sound enamel under an artificial cariogenic challenge.
Highlights
Dental caries is still the most prevalent oral disease in the world, and for this reason, a worldwide public health problem
Sucrose or other fermentable carbohydrates increase, while fluoride reduces the speed in which the lesions will progress [3,4]
Fluoride effectively inhibits enamel dissolution by the formation of CaF2 reservoirs, which slowly release fluoride into the plaque fluid in order to interact during enamel dissolution [5]
Summary
Dental caries is still the most prevalent oral disease in the world, and for this reason, a worldwide public health problem. The current understanding on the establishment and development of carious lesions are directly linked to undisturbed biofilm accumulation over the tooth surfaces [2] In this context, sucrose or other fermentable carbohydrates increase, while fluoride reduces the speed in which the lesions will progress [3,4]. Fluoride effectively inhibits enamel dissolution by the formation of CaF2 reservoirs, which slowly release fluoride into the plaque fluid in order to interact during enamel dissolution [5]. For this reason, frequent contacts with fluoride should be emphasized in order to provide a balance on the de- and remineralization kinetics of dental hard tissues
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