Cyber-secure energy and flexibility scheduling of interconnected local energy networks with introducing an XGBoost-assisted false data detection and correction method

Abstract

The growing penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs) and the ever-increasing implementation of information and communication technologies in smart grids necessitate the utilization of fast and safe operation methods. These schemes should be able to cope with the intermittency of uncertain RERs and fully explore the capabilities of new technologies while considering the vulnerabilities as a result of digitalization. Here, the integrity of the energy and flexibility scheduling and trading heavily depends on the security of the cyber-physical system. Local energy networks (LENs) are introduced to easily incorporate and utilize distributed energy resources, improving electrical power reliability and efficiency. This study develops a cyber-secure energy and flexibility scheduling platform for interconnected local energy networks. Hence, it introduces a novel false data detection and correction method based on the XGBoost machine learning method and investigates the performance of the proposed algorithm in the context of an interconnected local energy network and the corresponding energy and flexibility transactions. In this regard, this paper initially presents a bilevel energy and flexibility scheduling problem for interconnected local energy networks (ILENs) considering cyber-attacks (BLEFSCAILEN), which tries to satisfy the energy and flexibility requirements of the ILEN guaranteeing a resilient decision against false data injection cyber-attacks. Within the proposed BLEFSCAILEN a bi-level multi-objective optimization problem is defined where the operator of ILEN optimizes both energy and flexibility trading among LENs in the upper level to maximize its revenue. In the proposed structure, the operator of each LEN is situated at the lower level and tries to minimize the scheduling cost and simultaneously maximize the local flexibility index. Furthermore, in order to evaluate and improve the proposed system’s cyber-security, a false data injection attack is constructed using the Gaussian probability distribution function. Herein, the scheduling of ILEN is optimized considering vulnerabilities of electricity consumption data as a consequence of cyber-attack. Finally, the novel XGBoost-assisted deviation bound-based false data detection/correction (XGBFDD) algorithm is suggested to mitigate the above-mentioned cyber-attack and attain near real-world conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed false data detection/correction strategy exhibits a maximum accuracy of 91.67 precent in mitigating the attack effects. This is because the acquired post-correction results exhibit minor deviations in comparison to the original optimization output that is calculated with the pre-attack consumption data.