Cyber-constrained load shedding for smart grid resilience enhancement

Abstract

With the further development of information and communication technology and their widespread use in power systems, our networks are moving towards cyber-physical systems. This paper proposes an optimal load flow method considering cyber constraints for the emergency response of smart networks to improve resilience. In the proposed method, not only the effect of cyber systems on physical systems but also the effect of physical systems on cyber systems is considered mutually. The mutual effect is that if the cyber nodes are interrupted, the cyber system can no longer send the information of generators and loads to the central controller. Also, if the load reduction in the bus exceeds a percentage in the physical network, it is practically no longer possible to feed the cyber system in that bus. In the following, the objective function is considered as the minimization of the sum of the cost of load shedding and generator production. Also, fast voltage stability index is used to determine weak buses. Finally, considering that the above model is non-linear, for this purpose, the problem is modeled by the PSO algorithm. Finally, a standard IEEE test system is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed policy.