Abstract
Continual increases in the human population and growing concerns related to the energy crisis, food security, disease outbreaks, global warming, and other environmental issues require a sustainable solution from nature. One of the promising resources is cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae. They require simple ingredients to grow and possess a relatively simple genome. Cyanobacteria are known to produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds. In addition, cyanobacteria’s remarkable growth rate enables its potential use in a wide range of applications in the fields of bioenergy, biotechnology, natural products, medicine, agriculture, and the environment. In this review, we have summarized the potential applications of cyanobacteria in different areas of science and development, especially related to their use in producing biofuels and other valuable co-products. We have also discussed the challenges that hinder such development at an industrial level and ways to overcome such obstacles.
Highlights
The continual increase in the human population and environmental pollution from numerous anthropogenic activities have resulted in various efforts to meet sustainability goals
The most widely used Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) include c-linolenic acid (CLA) that has been derived from Arthrospira [43]
Further advances in biotechnology will help adapt cyanobacteria to the artificial environment as well as at large commercial scale and enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of these organisms, which can be further improved through genetic engineering
Summary
The continual increase in the human population and environmental pollution from numerous anthropogenic activities have resulted in various efforts to meet sustainability goals. Cyanobacteriapolymers, nutrient other valuable co-products, antioxidants, biofertilizers, biodegradable possess a relatively simple genome; it is easier for scientists to modify their genes to explore supplements, and color substances Due to their numerous application potentials on a wide range and identify more useful constituents for biofuel extraction. Huge mass cultivation of cyanobacteria could be possible in the near future at a commercial scale for tremendous benefits, as of issues, here we primarily discuss the current potential of cyanobacteria that can result in greater they can be used to produce biofuels [16] and other valuable co-products, including antioxidants, biofertilizers, biodegradable polymers, nutrient and for colorcyanobacteria substances
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