Abstract
In thermodynamics, the useful work in any process can be evaluated by using the exergy quantity. The analyses of irreversibility are fundamental in the engineering design and in the productive processes’ development in order to obtain the economic growth. Recently, the use has been improved also in the thermodynamic analysis of the socio-economic context. Consequently, the exergy lost is linked to the energy cost required to maintain the productive processes themselves. The fundamental role of the fluxes and the interaction between systems and their environment is highlighted. The equivalent wasted primary resource value for the work-hour is proposed as an indicator to support the economic considerations on the biofuel production by using biomass and bacteria. The equivalent wasted primary resource value for the work-hour is proposed as an indicator to support the economic considerations of the biofuel production by using biomass and bacteria. Moreover, the technological considerations can be developed by using the exergy inefficiency. Consequently, bacteria use can be compared with other means of biofuel production, taking into account both the technologies and the economic considerations. Cyanobacteria results as the better organism for biofuel production.
Highlights
To date, our society continues to maintain a deep dependence upon fossil fuels as primary sources of energy, but, in the last decade, the need for decreasing the emissions of greenhouse gases has strongly emerged
In relation to the possible link between energy and economic development, the role of development has been highlighted in relation to the energy use, but it has never been highlighted that the energy use affects development [70], even if the fundamental role of energy in the promotion of the economic growth is clear [71], because energy is an essential factor of production as a result of the energy needs of all the economic processes
The improvement of the energy efficiency and the rational use of energy represent an economic strategy for the sustainable development in the European Union (EU) countries
Summary
Our society continues to maintain a deep dependence upon fossil fuels as primary sources of energy, but, in the last decade, the need for decreasing the emissions of greenhouse gases has strongly emerged. Per annum in the production of biodiesel and bioethanol from crop plants has been made [1], but these still continue to represent only less than 1% of the world’s energy production: of the order of. 106 TJ for bioethanol in comparison to the order of around 108 TJ for the global energy use. This first generation of biofuels has been the subject of a great number of ethical criticisms, both in relation to the land and water use, and to their conditioning of the food commodity price, with related social consequences [2]. A new improvement in research on new processes of biofuel production has occurred.
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