Abstract
The production of synthetic fuels from biomass via Fischer–Tropsch (FT), otherwise known as the biomass-to-liquids (BTL) process, constitutes one of the most promising routes for tomorrow's fuels. In this chapter, basic topics, as well as current advances in the production of FT biofuels, are discussed. Starting with a short discussion on biomass gasification and syngas conditioning, the main types of FT reactors and catalysts, along with the different technologies for upgrading FT liquids to premium fuels are thoroughly discussed. The environmental and economic considerations of the BTL process are then presented based on recent techno-economic and lifecycle analysis studies. In this second edition of the chapter a thorough update on the commercialization status of the BTL process has been performed, presenting the most recent advancements and the status of the different demonstration projects in Europe and the US. The chapter closes with a discussion on the advantages and limitations of this process and its outlook in the future fuels market.
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