Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted to men and animals by infected female phlebotomine sandflies and is considered a great environmental and public health problem in the Amazon region. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of this disease in São Félix do Xingu, in the state of Pará, Brazil, and its relationship with epidemiological and environmental variables, in the period from 2012 to 2016. The data used were from the Information System of the Pará State Secretariat of Health, the National Institute for Space Research and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The statistical and spatial analysis of the variables were done using non-parametric chi-square statistical test, kernel interpolation technique and the Bivariate Global Moran Index. The municipality had 183 confirmed cases, non-homogeneously distributed in 5 administrative districts. The individuals most affected were adult males with brown skin, an elementary level of education and rural area residents. In the case series, a direct relationship was observed between the increase of the number of cases and deforestation in the study area. The spatial analysis showed different types of land use and cover related to case clusters in the municipality. Additionally, there was a presence of cases in protected areas and a great epidemiological silence in indigenous lands. Thus, this disease is a large and complex public health problem in the municipality, related to social and environmental risk factors.
Highlights
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted to men and animals by infected female phlebotomine sandflies and is considered a great environmental and public health problem in the Amazon region
We analyzed 183 laboratory-confirmed notified cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) located in the different administrative districts of São Félix do Xingu municipality
It was possible to identify the presence of the disease in both urban and rural areas; the greatest number of cases occurred in rural areas that have a high level of deforestation
Summary
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted to men and animals by infected female phlebotomine sandflies and is considered a great environmental and public health problem in the Amazon region. The study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of this disease in São Félix do Xingu, in the state of Pará, Brazil, and its relationship with epidemiological and environmental variables, in the period from 2012 to 2016. The state of Pará in the Amazon region presents different levels of CL endemicity due to various types of environmental degradation such as deforestation that have occurred over the past decades in its municipalities. This fact has contributed to the establishment and maintenance of transmission circuits for the disease in the state [3,4]. High rates of deforestation were observed, mainly due to the expansion of cattle ranching, agriculture and mining [5]
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