Abstract
In recent years, retinal specialists have benefited from significant advances in the surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, including improved preoperative planning, vitreoretinal instrumentation, and new surgical maneuvers. In light of these developments, surgical indications in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients have been expanded, success rates have increased, and complication rates have decreased over the years. Transconjunctival small-incision surgery, vitrectomes with high cutting speed, and bimanual approaches allowed by chandelier lighting have been preferred by more and more surgeons. In this review, we will discuss the benefits of small incision surgery and the clinical results of bimanual surgery in the treatment of PDR patients with historical development steps.
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