Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and angiogenesis is critical in cancer progression. Development of new blood vessels and nutrition of tumor cells are heavily dependent on angiogenesis. Thus, angiogenesis inhibition might be a promising approach for anticancer therapy. Anti-angiogenic small molecule and phytochemicals as a cancer treatment approach are focused in these main points; modes of action, adverse effects, mechanisms of resistance and new developments. Treatment with anti-angiogenic compounds might be advantageous over conventional chemotherapy due to the fact that those compounds mainly act on endothelial cells, which are genetically more stable and homogenous compared to tumor cells and they show lower susceptibility to acquired drug resistance (ADR). Targeting the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) signalling pathway with synthetic small molecules inhibiting Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) in addition to antagonizing VEGF might be a promising approach. Moreover, beneficial effect of phytochemicals were proven on cancer-related pathways especially concerning anti-angiogenesis. Plant phenolics being an important category of prominent phytochemicals affect different pathways of angiogenesis. Green tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin gallate) and soy bean isoflavones (genistein) are two examples involving an anti-angiogenic effect.
Highlights
Henri Leclerc (1870-1955) introduced the terminology of phytotherapy into medical science
Phytotherapy refers to a lot traditional knowledge and has experienced an enormous ongoing increase in preclinical knowledge due to advancements in molecular biological techniques in recent years [6]
Constant review and revised compendiums are crucial [1,7], in view of the fact that preclinical knowledge and research only partially finds their way into clinics
Summary
Henri Leclerc (1870-1955) introduced the terminology of phytotherapy into medical science. Phytotherapy refers to a lot traditional knowledge and has experienced an enormous ongoing increase in preclinical knowledge due to advancements in molecular biological techniques in recent years [6]. This knowledge reservoir lacks application orientation for future research and clinical practice. Constant review and revised compendiums are crucial [1,7], in view of the fact that preclinical knowledge and research only partially finds their way into clinics.
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