Current understanding and future directions in diagnosis and treatment in breast asymmetry: a literature review

Abstract

Breast asymmetry can be caused by hormonal fluctuations, surgery, or developmental abnormalities that result in disparities in the size, shape, or location of the breasts. When it comes to identifying and assessing asymmetry, diagnostic techniques such as mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and 3D tomosynthesis provide clear advantages. To address both functional needs and aesthetic concerns, there are various treatment options available, including non-surgical techniques such as hormone therapy and fat grafting, as well as surgical techniques such as augmentation, reduction, and mastopexy. With the help of AI and machine learning, future advancements in imaging improve the accuracy of diagnoses, enabling customized treatment plans based on molecular and genetic profiles. The field is evolving due to advancements in minimally invasive, 3D-printed implants enabling customization, and regenerative therapies such as stem cell treatments, with the goal of optimizing outcomes while minimizing recovery time and complications. Non-surgical alternatives such as focused ultrasound and injectable fillers provide additional choices for patients preferring less invasive treatments. Holistic patient care integrates virtual reality for surgical planning and psychosocial support, ensuring comprehensive management of both physical and emotional aspects. Overall, ongoing innovations are poised to revolutionize breast asymmetry management, offering tailored solutions that improve patient outcomes and quality of life.