Current Trends in Bone Grafts - A Review

Abstract

Human bone is susceptible to damage from infections, fractures, and diseases. They do, however, have an amazing ability to repair themselves after being exposed to such factors, which is accomplished by a dynamic process of remodeling, maturation, differentiation, and regulated resorption. Larger defects, on the other hand, cannot be fully restored because their sizes exceed the capacity of the bones to repair. In such cases, medical intervention is required to stabilize, align, and support the damaged bone region so that lost function is restored. The goal of Bone Tissue Engineering is to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone, which does not occur in critical-sized defects. A biocompatible synthetic bone scaffold must be biodegradable to allow native tissue integration and must mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. Several biomaterials have been studied for their potential as bone scaffold materials, including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites. Polymers, on the other hand, have emerged as the primary material in bone tissue engineering due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability. This literature review provides insight into current trends in bone graft