Abstract
The study aims to investigate the current extent of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in the effluent of the Jaganpur sewage treatment plant (STP), Dayalbagh, Agra India. Majority of the nearby farmers have access to use of STP effluent in irrigation purposes for growing major edible crops. The problems of using STP effluent for irrigation purpose, continuous water quality analysis required. To check the quality of irrigation water, substantial physicochemical parameters accordance to Indian Standards (IS-Reaffirmed 2002/2003) analysed to calculate Sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Residual sodium carbonate (RSC). To estimate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and metal quality index (MQI), toxic Heavy metals such as As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Co, and B also determined in the STP effluent with an AAS and results verified with ICP-OES against certified standards. The high value of SAR (range 13 to 20) and RSC (range -10 to 11) in STP effluent exceeded the permissible limit for irrigation purpose. On the other hand, HPI and MQI values (1692.4 and 58.1, respectively) show that high metal contamination mainly due to industrial and domestic wastewater does not treat appropriately in the sewage treatment plant. Thus it is suggested that further studies are carried out on the STP effluents to improve the water quality through proper treatment. Treated wastewater used for irrigation purposes needs to analyse the contamination like heavy metals and pinpoint the pollution sources.
Highlights
This Wastewater treatment is a global concern, critically interlinks to sustainable agriculture, animal and human health and environmental quality worldwide, including Indian subcontinent [1]
Higher electrical conductivity (EC) during rainy may be a cumulative effect of more solubility of ions, higher domestic wastewater discharge on account of more consumption of water, the higher flow rate from surface of water bodies and lower flow rate of the sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent
Our study on STP effluent for Agra stretch revealed that Jaganpur site highly polluted with heavy metals, alkalinity, hardness and other toxic ions
Summary
This Wastewater treatment is a global concern, critically interlinks to sustainable agriculture, animal and human health and environmental quality worldwide, including Indian subcontinent [1]. The Yamuna and many other rivers are getting polluted and contaminated on receiving the considerable quantity of untreated wastewater drained from urban and industrial sources [2]. Major Indian cities extract effluent from sewage treatment plants (STP) for agriculture and industrial usage, quality of STP effluents stands critical from human, animal and crops health as well as an ecological point of view. The efficiency of STP and the quality standards of its effluent show a significant impact on the quality of Yamuna water and irrigate crops which can be detrimental to crop quality, soil, human and animal health and environmental quality [3]
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