Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote disobedient pathogens. The objectives of this seminar paper are to review the genetics of molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different molecular intrinsic, acquired, circumstantial resistance; genetics of antibiotic resistance and phenotypic drug resistance those specified by mechanisms confer antibiotic resistance. These drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria that harbor these mechanisms to survive, or even to actively grow, in the presence of a given anti-microbial agent. Furthermore, certain bacterial variants have evolved mechanisms to resist multiple drugs, making such variants recalcitrant to chemotherapy against such bacterial strains that are the causative agents of infection in patients. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is essential for developing new approaches to overcome and prevent drug resistance problems. Studding of development and mechanisms of resistance should be known at an early stage of drug development and strategies to improve the delivery or to enhancing the accessibility of antibiotics to their sites of action should be known.
Highlights
Bacteria that are causative agents of infectious disease represent a serious public health concern globally
The first antibiotic resistance mechanism reported in the literature was the production of Penicillinase by pathogenic Escherichia coli
Biochemical, physiological and structural analyses of bacterial multiple drug resistance mechanisms will promote their putative modulation [5]. The objective of this seminar paper is to review the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different mechanism such as: intrinsic, acquired, and circumstantial; genetics, and phenotypic drug resistance; these helps to develop screening and control strategiesthat are needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and their evolution
Summary
Bacteria that are causative agents of infectious disease represent a serious public health concern globally. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis [6] Review of this molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, of a necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote such disobedient pathogens. Biochemical, physiological and structural analyses of bacterial multiple drug resistance mechanisms will promote their putative modulation [5] The objective of this seminar paper is to review the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different mechanism such as: intrinsic, acquired, and circumstantial; genetics, and phenotypic drug resistance; these helps to develop screening and control strategiesthat are needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and their evolution. Antibiotic targets β-lactamases Macrolide Fosfomyci Streptogramins, amino glycosides,chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides, macrolides Lincomycin, clindamycin, aminoglycosides Rifampin Fosfomycin Tetracyclines B-lactam antibiotic Vancomycin Streptomycin Rifamycin Quinolones Aminoglycoside Macrolide Oxazolidinones β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides,chloramphenicol Tetracycline All major antibiotics
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