Abstract
Compared with traditional crystalline materials, amorphous alloys have excellent corrosion and wear resistance and high elastic modulus, due to their unique short-range ordered and long-range disordered atomic arrangement as well as absence of defects, such as grain boundaries and dislocations. Owing to the limitation of the bulk size of amorphous alloys as structural materials, the application as functional coatings can widely extend their use in various engineering fields. This review first briefly introduces the problems involved during high temperature preparation processes of amorphous coatings, including laser cladding and thermal spraying. Cold spray (CS) is characterized by a low-temperature solid-state deposition, and thus the oxidation and crystallization related with a high temperature environment can be avoided during the formation of coatings. Therefore, CS has unique advantages in the preparation of fully amorphous alloy coatings. The research status of Fe-, Al-, Ni-, and Zr-based amorphous alloy coatings and amorphous composite coatings are reviewed. The influence of CS process parameters, and powders and substrate conditions on the microstructure, hardness, as well as wear and corrosion resistance of amorphous coatings is analyzed. Meanwhile, the deposition mechanism of amorphous alloy coatings is discussed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the key issues involved in the preparation of amorphous alloy coatings via CS technology are summarized, and the future development is also being prospected.
Highlights
Amorphous alloys, known as metallic glasses, have a unique short-range ordered atomic arrangement as opposed to long-range periodicity in crystalline materials [1,2]
A particular challenge in the Cold spray (CS) deposition of amorphous alloys is that the deformation upon impact highly depends on the particle temperature rather than the particle velocity in crystalline materials, which can be explained with respect to a universal time-temperature-transfordetermined the critical speed of coating formation through experiments
The analysis showed that the bonding was caused by the adiabatic shear instability of the surface due to particles exceeding the critical velocity
Summary
Known as metallic glasses, have a unique short-range ordered atomic arrangement as opposed to long-range periodicity in crystalline materials [1,2]. Compared with traditional crystalline alloys, they have a series of unique properties, such as good corrosion and wear resistance, high hardness, sustainability [3,4], and elastic modulus. They have been widely used in marine ships, oil and gas pipeline transportation, nuclear power station, etc. Due to the limited glass forming capacity and extremely high cooling rate (>105 K/s), the products of amorphous alloy materials are mainly powders, wires or ribbons [9]. The preparation technology of amorphous alloy coatings mainly includes laser treatment and thermal spraying technologies, such as plasma spraying, high velocity oxygen fuel, and high velocity arc spraying [16]. The deposition mechanism of amorphous alloy coatings is explored
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