Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall, which is the pathological basis for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and thromboembolic disease. Currently, there is a lack of low-cost therapeutic agents that effectively slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the development of new drugs is urgently needed. The research and development of marine-derived drugs have gained increasing interest from researchers across the world. Many marine organisms provide a rich material basis for the development of atherosclerotic drugs. This review focuses on the latest technological advances in the structures and mechanisms of action of marine-derived anti-atherosclerotic substances and the challenges of the application of these substances including marine polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and small molecule compounds. Here, we describe the theoretical basis of marine biological resources in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Highlights
The morbidity, mortality and disability rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are the highest in the world and have a major negative impact on human health and quality of life
We summarized the latest research on marine-derived active substances that have a positive therapeutic effect on AS including polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and small molecule compounds
Changes in macrophage phenotype have been observed during the development of AS [150] and supplementation of DHA help macrophages to transform from an M1 proinflammatory to an M2 repair type [151]
Summary
The morbidity, mortality and disability rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are the highest in the world and have a major negative impact on human health and quality of life. There is increasing interest in alternative or complementary therapies for AS that can effectively treat the disease without any side effects [4]. Due to their unique growth environment, marine organisms have formed natural active substances with novel structures and unique functions during the long evolutionary process. We summarized the latest research on marine-derived active substances that have a positive therapeutic effect on AS including polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and small molecule compounds. We discussed its structure and therapeutic effects on atherosclerotic plaques. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 440 mechanisms by which these active substances exert their anti-atherosclerotic effects.
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