Abstract
Conventional vacuum arc consumable electrode melting continues to play a large role in the production of titanium alloy ingots. Titanium melting will be performed by electron-beam and plasma cold-hearth melting in some applications, for the production of titanium rotor-grade ingots. The current reports indicate that hard-alpha defects and high-density inclusions can be eliminated through hearth melting. Automatic controls for electron-beam melting and plasma-arc melting will play an important part in their development for producing high quality titanium ingots. Processes such as cold-wall induction may be integrated into atomization, spray deposition and casting systems. Other combinations of melting techniques can be used for new titanium products in the future.
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