CURRENT POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS OF ALVEOLAR BONE DEFECT REPLACEMENT AND COVERING TISSUES: NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The percentage of the need to increase the volume of supporting tissues remains high - from 43% to 77%, despite the fact that the currently used approaches for augmentation of tissue structures do not always show the expected results. A common cause of problems with the growth of new supporting tissues is the reduced activity of inducing factors of local and systemic levels in the human body. A critical deficiency of the integumentary structures significantly affects the result of reconstructive and reconstructive surgical interventions.Objective: to characterize the modern achievements of intraoral reconstruction of volumetric defects of supporting tissues, including bioengineering for the regeneration of the alveolar jaw bone and integumentary structures.Methods. The search strategy included an electronic search of literature sources performed in the PubMed database using keywords. The formats "Review", "Systematic Review" and "Clinical Trial" were requested. The search depth was 20 years.Results. Of the 378 articles found, 44 met the inclusion criteria set for this review. The prerequisites for the reconstruction of the alveolar ridge with an emphasis on early vascularization of de novo tissues are outlined, the advantages and disadvantages of bone and soft tissue grafts are characterized. The results of research efforts using mesenchymal stem cells, which play a crucial role in the regeneration of the alveolar bone and gum, are presented. The evolution of tissue engineering structures for integumentary tissues is presented – from thin layers of epithelial cells to 3D – epithelized equivalents of the oral mucosa.Conclusion. The rapidly increasing number of biomaterial studies involving stem cells, the active development of tissue engineering indicates the prospects for the development of biomaterials of the next generations, which will be able to work effectively together with their own mechanisms of tissue regeneration in their unique architecture.