Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a major chronic disease affecting human health, has been increasing in prevalence in recent years. Diabetes mellitus can cause bone metabolic disorders in patients, leading to osteoporosis, a higher risk of traumatic fracture, and other bone diseases. Bone metabolic disorders in the oral cavity principally manifest as periodontitis, loss of alveolar bone, and failure of implant osseointegration. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that there is a complex interaction between bone metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus. This paper reviews the adverse effects of diabetes on oral bone metabolism disorders such as alveolar osteoporosis and bone loss in patients with periodontitis, discusses the potential mechanisms of diabetic bone loss, and suggests potential ways to prevent and treat oral bone loss in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance in target tissues [1]
The interaction of AGE-Receptors for AGE (RAGE) is closely related to the aggravation of various inflammatory reactions and is involved in the process of collagen and bone metabolism, which may be an important mechanism underlying the increase in the occurrence of periodontitis in diabetes patients
These findings suggest that AGE-RAGE interactions lead to an excessive inflammatory response to bacteria, resulting in tissue destruction in patients with diabetic periodontitis
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance in target tissues [1]. Ko et al [76] have shown that the upregulation of TNF-α in diabetic mice may inhibit new bone formation, and another study [73] has shown that the IL-6 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid is significantly higher in patients with T2DM and periodontitis than in those with simple periodontitis.
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