Current Approaches in Cardio-Renal Syndrome

Abstract

In recent years, burden of cardiac and kidney diseases throughout the world is increasing. Studies show that the coexistence of both diseases contributes to increased mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. One of the major challenges facing health systems today is to prevent cardio-renal syndrome and provide quality health services to individuals with cardio-renal syndrome. The “cardio-renal syndrome” is a general term to describe different clinical conditions in which heart and kidney dysfunctions coexist. Although the incidence of cardio-renal syndrome is increasing, the evidences are limited about its pathophysiology and effective management. Severe problems may occur due to the interaction of neurohumoral, hemodynamic, and other less known factors in patients with cardio-renal syndrome. Therefore, the management of cardio-renal syndrome requires a multidisciplinary, mutifaceted and patient-centred approach. The most recent developments on the definition, classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention and management strategies of cardio-renal syndrome are discussed in this revie.