Abstract
In this study, catechin (CTN) isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant potential and inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). The compound was also tested for its in vivo antidiabetic potential using Sprague-Dawley rats as experimental animals. The effects of various doses of catechin in STZ (Streptozotocin) induced diabetic rats on fasting blood glucose level, body weight, lipid parameters, hepatic enzymes, and renal functions were evaluated using the reported protocols. The CTN exhibited the highest percent antioxidant for free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and inhibited the activity of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (with percent inhibition values: 79 ± 1.5% α-amylase and 80 ± 1.1% α-glucosidase). Administration CTN and standard glibenclamide significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level and increased the body weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CTN significantly decreased the different lipid parameters, hepatic, and renal function enzyme levels along with Hb1c level in diabetic rats, while significantly increasing the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level with values comparable to the standard glibenclamide. Further, the altered levels of glutathione and lipid peroxides of liver and kidney tissues were restored (by CTN) to levels similar to the control group. CTN significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, total content of reduced glutathione, and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rat liver and kidney tissues homogenates, and also corrected the histopathological abnormalities, suggesting its antioxidant potential.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that increases glucose level in blood which reduces life expectancy, diminishes life quality, and leads to mortality and morbidity [1]
DM is considered as a major chronic disease after cancer and cardiovascular diseases in human, caused either due to insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic islet cells of Langerhans or due to insulin resistance that leads to hyperglycemia [3]
Blood glucose level reduction was observable from the 5th day and onward w the patterns were significantly apparent on days 10 (p < 0.05), 15, and 21 (p < 0.001)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that increases glucose level in blood which reduces life expectancy, diminishes life quality, and leads to mortality and morbidity [1]. DM is considered as a major chronic disease after cancer and cardiovascular diseases in human, caused either due to insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic islet cells of Langerhans or due to insulin resistance that leads to hyperglycemia [3]. Increase in blood glucose is associated with the activities of two intestinal enzymes; α-amylase and α-glucosidase that causes the degradation of carbohydrates into disaccharides and to monosaccharide. Plasma glucose can be regulated by inhibiting these two enzymes [4] as DM is associated with hyperlipidemia due to impairments in metabolic pathways [5]
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