Culture of Control versus the Culture of Resistance in the Case of Control of Forest&#x0D;

Prudensius Maring

doi:10.7454/mssh.v19i1.3471

Abstract

The implementation of rights, policy, forest official, and repressive approach by the government shows that the culture of control is applied at forest tenure. This research showed that the application of cultural control by the Government clashed with the interests of local wisdom and socio-economic communities around the forest. The local community have developed strategies and tactics to resist the Government through controlling the land, determining the types of plant, and by implementing community-based forest management system. These resistance strategies and tactics is the manifestation of the socio-economic conditions which are integrated in the community culture. Through the perspective of power (Foucault) and resistance (Scott), this research shows the urgency to put culture and behavior as the focus of an analysis particularly in the midst of a strong influential political ecology perspective. The focus on culture and behavior means that an analysis on controlling culture is not only to discuss the strategy of fulfilling the formal rights of the government, but also to discuss the arrogant, repressive and proud behavior of the government of its authority and power. Equally, the analysis of the culture of resistance does not only discuss the strategy to get the formal rights of the community, but also deliberate on the behavior of the community to implement their strategy quietly, secretly, and • while avoiding the forest staff.

Highlights

This paper is intended to clarify the relationship between the culture of control used by government against the culture of resistance conducted by the community regarding state forest tenure
The results of this research show that the control of forest areas is a relation of power involving the government, the community, and NGOs who gave birth to the control culture and cultures of resistance
These issues include possessing the knowledge on the territorialism process of forest area of the region, the implementation of forest management policies, the implementation of forestry projects, cultural practices and control over society

Summary

Introduction

This paper is intended to clarify the relationship between the culture of control used by government against the culture of resistance conducted by the community regarding state forest tenure. Forest territorialism in Indonesia is seen by the way the region and forest area zonation are governed according to its function and specific management procedure. Territorialism is not a merely a technical forestry affairs because this process organizes and controls the community. This phenomenon is like a picture of governmentality as an effort of setting up and directing the behavior of society, which is done in different ways by a variety of actors beyond the conservation and community development agenda in Central Sulawesi (Foucault in Li, 2007)

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Conclusion