Cultural Transformation and the Evolution of Festivals: The Impact of Modernization on the K’Ho Ethnic Minority in Vietnam

Abstract

This paper investigates the cultural transformations of the K’Ho ethnic minority in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, with a focus on the impact of modernization and external influences on traditional festivals such as the New Rice Celebration, Buffalo Stabbing, and Gong Festivals. Applying social change theories, including conflict theory, global social change and syncretism, evolutionary theory, and acculturation theory, the study explores how these dynamics shape cultural practices within the K’Ho community. The research employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to collect and analyze data simultaneously to provide a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic factors driving these cultural shifts. The findings reveal a significant decline in participation in traditional K’Ho festivals, influenced by factors such as urbanization, the transformation of local economic models, and socio-demographic changes. Additionally, the research highlights the critical role of Vietnamese government policies in both the preservation and adaptation of cultural practices. The study concludes with recommendations for targeted policies to support cultural preservation, emphasizing the importance of education, government intervention, and tourism integration to maintain the cultural identity of the K’Ho people in the face of modernization.