Cultural Heritage and Museums in Brazil: An Archaeological Appraisal

Abstract

The article starts by stating that it deals with archaeological museums and then turns to the standpoint adopted, stressing that the historical and social conditions explain the development of the field. It then briefly presents the main historical and social features of Brazil, so that the reader can understand the context. The history of archaeological museums in Brazil follow suit, explaining the changes from the late colonial period (1808–1822), to the monarchy (1822–1889), the early republic (1889–1930), and later periods, particularly the recent dictatorship (1964–1985) and later civilian rule (1985 onwards). Social engagement, cultural heritage, critical archaeology and museums are also dealt with. The case is then made for involving local communities, including groups with diverse ethnic and social backgrounds in museum management, as well as for making museum collections and exhibitions accessible and engaging for all audiences, ensuring more diverse participation in museum activities. It concludes by outlining the outlook for archaeological museums in Brazil, as part of democratic moves in the country.