Abstract

Ecology is the study of the interaction between organisms and their environments and cultural ecology is the study of the interaction between cultures and their ecological environments. Cultural ecology includes descriptions of different modes of subsistence. Environmental and ecological archaeology is the study of the relation between past human populations and their environments and includes geoarchaeology, archaeobotany and zooarchaeology. Some issues discussed are discrete versus continuous modes of subsistence, the evolutionary linkages among them, the role of ecology and history in cultural evolution, the mechanism of cultural adaptation, the evolutionary ecology of culture, co-evolution, and the future of our relationship with the environment.

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