Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the health benefits of breastfeeding are well established, early introduction of formula remains a common practice. Cultural beliefs and practices can have an important impact on breastfeeding. This paper describes some common beliefs that may discourage breastfeeding in Lebanon.MethodsParticipants were healthy first-time mothers recruited from hospitals throughout Lebanon to participate in a study on usage patterns of a telephone hotline for postpartum support. The hotline was available to mothers for the first four months postpartum and patterns of usage, as well as questions asked were recorded. Thematic analysis of the content of questions which referred to cultural beliefs and practices related to breastfeeding was conducted.ResultsTwenty four percent of the 353 women enrolled in the study called the hotline, and 50% of the calls included questions about breastfeeding. Mothers expressed concern about having adequate amounts of breast milk or the quality of their breast milk. Concerns that the mother could potentially harm her infant though breastfeeding were rooted in a number of cultural beliefs. Having an inherited inability to produce milk, having "bad milk", and transmission of abdominal cramps to infants through breast milk were among the beliefs that were expressed. Although the researchers live and work in Lebanon, they were not aware of many of the beliefs that are reported in this study.ConclusionThere are a number of cultural beliefs that could potentially discourage breastfeeding among Lebanese women. Understanding and addressing local beliefs and customs can help clinicians to provide more culturally appropriate counselling about breastfeeding.
Highlights
The health benefits of breastfeeding are well established, early introduction of formula remains a common practice
In developing countries, where risks of infectious diseases and malnutrition are high, early introduction of infant formula increases the risk of serious illness that could lead to death [3]
Reasons cited for early introduction of formula feeding include embarrassment, lack of social support, commercial pressures, insufficient maternity leave, and concerns about infant weight gain or breast milk quality [3]
Summary
The health benefits of breastfeeding are well established, early introduction of formula remains a common practice. The health benefits of breastfeeding to both mother and infant have been well established [1,2]. Exclusive breastfeeding in the first four months of life varies from 1 to 90% depending on where the baby is born [4]. This variability in breastfeeding practices is significantly influenced by cultural beliefs, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, education, urbanization, modernization, and local feeding practices [5,6,7]. Reasons cited for early introduction of formula feeding include embarrassment, lack of social support, commercial pressures, insufficient maternity leave, and concerns about infant weight gain or breast milk quality [3]
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