Cultivation of leguminous crops in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region

Abstract

In the system of agriculture an important place belongs to legume phytocenoses, which have a unique ability as biological fixation of nitrogen, and increasing its share in the formation of crop yields becomes an urgent task in the system of ecologization of agriculture. The inclusion of grain legumes in the structure of sown areas will allow obtaining feed resources valuable in amino acid composition, developing crop rotations based on the principles of seed exchange, supporting biodiversity. The purpose of the research was to study the cultivation of leguminous crops in the forest–steppe zone of the Middle Volga region in order to increase the potential productivity of agrophytocenoses. Under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region the infl uence of basic tillage techniques and plant protection levels on soil fertility indicators, the phytosanitary condition of crops, the activity of the symbiotic apparatus, yield and feed productivity of soybean, pea, lupine and chickpea was studied in a long-term stationary field experiment. The use of combined tillage in crop rotation increased the productivity of symbiotic nitrogen fi xation of grain legumes by 3,5–5,2 kg/ha or by 7,1–12,4 %, their yield by 0,23–0,33 t/ha or 10,3–15,9 %. Etching of seeds of grain legumes with the preparation Delit Pro, CS (pyraclostrobin, 200 g/l) 0,5 l/t together with the biopreparation BisolbiSan, Zh (Bacillus subtilis, strain Ch-13) 1,0 l/t reduced the spread of root rot of soybean by 93,7 %, pea by 96,2 %, lupine by 83,3 and chickpea by 91,5 %, increasing the productivity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by 3,4–4,2 kg/ha or by 10,0–15,5 % and yield by 0,16–0,22 t/ha or 9,2–11,0 %.