Abstract
The crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) melt spun into fiber monofilaments was examined using a laboratory set-up. The wind-up speeds ranged from free fall under gravity to 1500 m/min. The major additional variables that were manipulated included the mass flow rate and the filament temperature profile. The structure of the as-spun fibers was probed using tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry, optical birefringence, and x-ray diffraction. It was found that while the filaments that had been spun nonisothermally were essentially amorphous, those that had been made under isothermal conditions at temperatures ranging from 180°C to 240°C were oriented and crystalline. In addition, the rate of oriented crystallization was much greater than that under quiescent conditions at the same temperature. This is perhaps the first published study which shows that highly crystalline (up to 40% crystallinity) PET fibers can be obtained at low spinning speeds merely by altering the fiber temperature profile while the material is still above the polymer glass transition temperature.
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