Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN) constitutes the cell walls of virtually all bacteria, making it a target of the innate immune system. PGN is a polymer of alternating {Beta} (1{yields}4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), crossbridged by oligopeptide stems. Lysotaphin type enzymes are believed to cleave the glycl-glycine and glycyl-alanine bonds that occur in glycine-rich cross-bridges. Lysostaphins represent potential anti staphylococcal agents. Specifically, they can eradicate S.aureus nasal colonization in the rat model and are effective in treating methicillin-resistant S. aureus endophthalmitis in rabbits. These enzymes belong to the metalloendopeptidase family and possess a conserved HXH active site motif.
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