Abstract
The Na-doped Li1-xNaxFePO4 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1) samples were synthesized by solid-state reaction method and investigated with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Mössbauer spectrometer. Based on XRD patterns, analyzed by the Rietveld refinement method, Li1-xNaxFePO4 samples were determined to have an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. From the temperature-dependent magnetization curve, we have determined the Néel temperature (TN) and observed abnormal antiferromagnetic behavior. Below TN, the Mössbauer spectra appeared to have asymmetrical line-shapes and were analyzed with one set of eight absorption lines. The Mössbauer spectra also showed the Néel temperature (TN) as well as the abnormal antiferromagnetic behavior as in the temperature-dependent magnetization curve. The abnormal antiferromagnetic behavior is expected to be originated from the spin reorientation and the corresponding spin reorientation temperature (TS) is determined experimentally.
Highlights
The olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has been investigated extensively as a secondary battery cathode material because it can offer high power capacity, low cost, safety, and long cycling life for the related applications
The Na-doped Li1-xNaxFePO4 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1) sample were synthesized by solidstate reaction method and investigated with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mossbauer spectrometer
The increase in the lattice constant from pure LiFePO4 is due to Na substitution
Summary
The olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has been investigated extensively as a secondary battery cathode material because it can offer high power capacity, low cost, safety, and long cycling life for the related applications. The electronic conductivity of LiFePO4 is smaller compared to other materials. To overcome this limitation, various preparation methods have been tried.[1,2,3,4] Some of examples are carbon coating, substitution and size reduction. Various preparation methods have been tried.[1,2,3,4] Some of examples are carbon coating, substitution and size reduction Among these methods, the sodium substitution was reported to increase the electronic conductivity as well as lower manufacturing cost than lithium.[5,6,7] In addition, using sodium-ion batteries can be benefited from the large-scale energy storage necessary for the operation of heavy equipment and electric/hybrid electric vehicles.[8,9]
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