Abstract

We report new solid state and hydrothermal synthetic routes to (Li,Na)2FePO4F that incorporate carbon-containing additives and result in good electrochemical properties of this Li (or Na) ion electrode material. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Na2FePO4F prepared by flux growth confirms the unusual structural features of this compound that include pairs of face-sharing metal octahedra and [6 + 1] coordination of the sodium ions. Facile Na−Li ion-exchange occurs upon reflux with lithium salts, upon electrochemical cycling in a cell (vs. Li), and also in a cell simply equilibrated at OCV. The material does not exhibit typical two-phase behavior on electrochemical cycling. A combination of a redox process which occurs with little structural strain, and ion scrambling give rise to a solid solution-like sloping voltage profile on charge−discharge, although localization of the Fe2+/3+ in the mixed valence single phase intermediate, Na1.5FePO4F drives a very small structural distortion. Temperature-d...

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