Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are a critical, enabling technology in the development of solid state laser sources, allowing the output from the most mature laser source operating a few discrete wavelengths to be shifted almost anywhere in the electromagnetic spectrum spanning from the ultraviolet to the far‐infrared. For efficient frequency conversion, a nonlinear crystal must simultaneously satisfy a long list of material requirements, some of which are intrinsic, while others are extrinsic and must be controlled through careful processing. A wide range of materials and growth techniques are required to in order to produce crystals which operate in the various wavelength regimes of interest. The basic principles of NLO frequency conversion are introduced and used to derive the material property requirements. The crystal growth, properties, and performance of state‐of‐the‐art nonlinear optical crystals are surveyed, and future directions in the development of new and improved NLO materials are identified.
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