Abstract

We establish and develop a correspondence between certain crystal bases (Kashiwara crystals) and the Coulomb branch of three-dimensional \U0001d4a9 = 4 gauge theories. The result holds for simply-laced, non-simply laced and affine quivers. Two equivalent derivations are given in the non-simply laced case, either by application of the axiomatic rules or by folding a simply-laced quiver. We also study the effect of turning on real masses and the ensuing simplification of the crystal. We present a multitude of explicit examples of the equivalence. Finally, we put forward a correspondence between infinite crystals and Hilbert spaces of theories with isolated vacua.

Highlights

  • Quantum field theories with supersymmetry have been a staple of research in fundamental Physics for more than half a century

  • We study the effect of turning on real masses and the ensuing simplification of the crystal

  • We present a multitude of explicit examples of the equivalence

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Summary

Introduction

Quantum field theories with supersymmetry have been a staple of research in fundamental Physics for more than half a century. In our use of Kashiwara crystals, we have relied considerably on the recent presentation by Bump and Schilling [35] where, based on the results of Kashiwara, and on the later work by Stembridge [36], an axiomatic combinatorial approach to the construction of crystal bases associated to quantum-deformed enveloping algebras of finite-dimensional Lie algebras is developed. This approach can be of significant advantage when there is already a background or familiarity with the combinatorics of Young tableaux, such as in the construction of the irreducible representations of the symmetric and general linear groups, by means of such tableaux.

Groups and lattices
The affine Grassmannian Let O = C[[t]] denote the ring of
Quivers
Moduli spaces of vacua of 3d N = 4 theories
Monopoles, effective field theories and crystals
Coulomb branches are Kashiwara crystals
Definition of Kashiwara crystals
Crystals from quivers
A convenient bijection
Crystals from quiver subtraction
Crystals from branes
Type A examples
A5, T [SU(6)] The next example is a T [SU(n)] theory [5] with n = 6, described by the A5 quiver
Mass deformation and resolved crystals
U(2) with four flavours
Crystals for other classical root systems
Type D examples
Balanced D4 quiver with two flavours
Balanced D5 quiver with four flavours
Non-simply laced quivers
C2 quiver with two flavours
C2 quiver with six flavours
Two paths to Coulomb branches of non-simply laced quivers
Crystals for affine quivers
Crystals from affine quiver subtraction and from branes
Affine type A examples
A2 quiver with two flavours Consider the following affine crystal of type A2
Crystals, characters and
Outlook
Full Text
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