Crypto-Watermarking Algorithm Using Weber’s Law and AES: A View to Transfer Safe Medical Image

Sondes Ajili,Mohamed Ali Hajjaji,Abdellatif Mtibaa,Sebastiano Fabio Schifano

doi:10.1155/2021/5559191

Sondes Ajili, Mohamed Ali Hajjaji + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5559191

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Abstract

We propose a novel method for medical image watermarking in the DCT domain using the AES encryption algorithm. First, we decompose the original medical image into subblocks of 8 × 8. Besides, we apply the DCT and the quantization, respectively, to each subblock. However, in the DCT domain, an adequate choice of the DCT coefficients according to the quantization table in the middle frequencies band is performed. After that, we embed the patient’s data into the corresponding medical image. The insertion step is carried out just after the quantization phase. To increase the robustness, we encrypt the watermarked medical images by using the AES algorithm based on chaotic technique. Arnold’s cat map is used to shuffle the pixel values, and a chaotic Henon map is utilized to generate an aleatory sequence for the AES algorithm. The shuffled watermarked image is encrypted using the modified AES algorithm. The constant of Weber is used to choose the suitable visibility factor for embedding a watermark with high robustness. To control identification, after application of attacks, we use the serial turbo code for correction of the watermark to recover the data inserted. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the medical images obtained is 61,7769 dB. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed schema against various types of attacks.

Highlights

The rapid development of communication technologies and multimedia resulted in the transmission of great amount of multimedia data
In the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, an adequate choice of the DCT coefficients according to the quantization table in the middle frequencies band is performed
Digital watermarking techniques are classified in many ways [7,8,9,10] but one of the most important classifications of a watermarking system is based on whether the watermark is embedded directly by manipulating pixels of the cover image or by transforming the cover image into the frequency domain by various transformation tools (FFT, DCT, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and Karhunen Loeve transforms (KLT)) and embedding the watermark by modifying various frequency coefficients. e former method of embedding the watermark is referred as spatial domain watermarking, while as the latter is known as transform domain watermarking

Summary

Introduction

The rapid development of communication technologies and multimedia resulted in the transmission of great amount of multimedia data (image, audio, videos, etc.). Sometimes this multimedia information is sensitive in nature such as medical imaging. Erefore, it is essential to find an efficient method able to protect sensitive information from unauthorized use. Typical mechanisms given these security aspects are cryptography [1, 2] and watermarking [3, 4]. The spatial domain-based watermarking techniques are not robust to most of the image processing operations. Used transform domain techniques are discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and Karhunen Loeve transforms (KLT) [12,13,14]

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